Screening and Verification of Low Nitrogen Tolerant and Nitrogen Sensitive Cotton Germplasm

[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L^－1) and high (5 mmol·L^－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.     

基于GF-1和Sentinel-2时序数据的茶园识别

由于茶园大多分布在地形复杂的山区,地块破碎,分布零散,形状差异大、植被混杂且茶园所处环境长期受到云雨的影响,增加了茶园遥感识别的难度与不确定性,针对这一问题,该研究提出了利用高分1号(GF-1)和哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)时序数据提取茶园的方法,以浙江省武义县王宅镇为研究区,采用GF-1号为主要数据源,并利用MODIS地表反射率产品和Sentinel-2反射率数据,基于时空融合算法得到时间分辨率5 d的10 m Sentinel-2完整的时序数据。综合利用GF-1在空间细节方面的优势和重建的Sentinel-2高观测频率时序数据在反映茶树生长过程方面的优势,分别基于GF-1的光谱和纹理特征及GF-1的光谱、纹理特征和Sentinel-2时序特征两种特征组合方式,采用随机森林算法提取茶园。结果表明,GF-1光谱、纹理信息结合Sentinel-2时序信息分类结果的准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为96.91%、3.09%、89.00%、83.09%和0.86,仅基于GF-1光谱和纹理信息的分类准确率、错误率、精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为94.72%、5.28%、73.09%、84.61%和0.78,添加时序信息分类结果总体优于未添加时序信息的分类结果。表明高空间分辨率结合高频率时序遥感数据是提高茶园分类精度的有效手段。     

‘72杨’韧皮部的构造与理化性能

将‘72杨’、杉木和毛竹的木质部进行对比试验,观察并测试‘72杨’韧皮部的解剖构造以及理化特性,为其高值化利用提供基础数据。使用场发射环境扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等设备和NREL标准对‘72杨’韧皮部的微观结构、结晶度、化学成分等物化性质进行测定与分析。研究结果表明,‘72杨’韧皮部中韧皮薄壁细胞和筛管分子占细胞总面积的(81.9±1.8)%,结构相对简单。‘72杨’韧皮部气干密度为0.358 g/cm3,绝干密度为0.321 g/cm3;而木质部的相应密度较高,分别为0.497和0.482 g/cm3;‘72杨’韧皮部结晶度仅为19.4%,比木质部低8.7%。‘72杨’韧皮部纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的含量分别为28.7%,11.1%,24.1%,均低于木质部中相应成分的含量,且木质化程度低,半纤维素以木糖为主。此外,由红外谱图发现‘72杨’韧皮部含有单宁、酚类、胼胝质等物质。‘72杨’韧皮部具有低密多孔、结构疏松、结晶度低、木质素含量低、抽提物含量高等特点。因此,‘72杨’韧皮部特别有利于机械(能耗低)或化学(抗降解屏障低)降解以及物化改性(多孔、可及性强),可提取酚类、单宁、胼胝质等物质用于工业应用,研究结果可为‘72杨’韧皮部的高值化利用提供重要的理论依据。     

昆明海口林场滇藏钝果寄生的调查及寄生特性分析

桑寄生科(Loranthaceae)植物是常见的半寄生灌木,其过度繁殖会影响天然林和人工林生态、经济和社会效应的发挥.前期调查发现,昆明海口林场部分地区具有桑寄生危害,其主要种类为滇藏钝果寄生.为监控滇藏钝果寄生在林场的传播扩散,了解其寄生初期的选择偏好,本研究以昆明市海口林场滇藏钝果寄生危害最严重地区为中心,对其周边4个区域的传播情况进行样方调查,统计滇藏钝果寄生的寄主选择模式、构建寄生强度与寄主生长特征的归回关系.结果 表明,滇藏钝果寄生于郁闭度最低(30％)、坡度最大(27°)的样方2 (M2,中心样方)中危害严重,其余4个样方(M1,M3,M4,M5;周边样方)的感染程度较低,尚处于扩散初期.滇藏钝果寄生在所调查样地中具有明显的寄主选择性,几乎仅存在于槲栎中,但其扩散与槲栎在群落中的百分率无明显相关性.采用逐步回归法构建槲栎生长特征与寄生强度的线性关系,其冠幅和胸径可依次引入回归模型中,修正后的拟合度R2为0.526,方程式为y=-0.467+0.152x1+0.110x2.滇藏钝果寄生于样方M2和M1中的寄生高度百分率集中分布于40％～80％之间,而于M3、M4和M5中变幅较大,无明显集中区.该研究结果可为滇藏钝果寄生的生态防治提供科学基础.     

岩溶流域典型农业区水体氢氧同位素的空间异质性及形成机制

分别于平水期和枯水期采集了花溪河流域典型农业区地表水和地下水样品。利用氢氧同位素示踪技术,结合土地利用类型对研究区不同水体的补给来源、季节变化及主要影响过程进行了分析,并对不同水体氢氧同位素值进行了空间插值分析,同时对其形成机制进行了分析,阐明了不同土地利用类型影响下的主要水文过程。结果表明:(1)研究区不同水体的主要补给来源为当地大气降水,月亮湖水库受蒸发作用影响明显,地表水和地下水的δD和δ~(18)O整体上呈现平水期高于枯水期的特征。(2)地下水的δD和δ~(18)O在枯水期与平水期均呈现明显的空间分异性特征,西部水田/水库集中区富集,东部旱地集中区贫化,土地利用对研究区环境水文过程影响明显。该研究结果有助于了解不同土地利用方式下地表水对地下水的影响,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

16份四川小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南抗条锈性表现

小麦条锈病我国小麦生产上的最主要的病害,种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效环保的措施。2014—2017年,先后对16份四川省小麦生产品种在甘肃陇南不同生态区的甘谷试验站和汪川良种场两地进行自然诱发鉴定,评价其抗病性。结果发现,所有供试品种均表现感病,川农10号等5份材料具有慢条锈性。     

Evolution of spatial structure patterns of city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspective of corporate pledge linkage

The pledge of stock rights is a method for measuring the external horizontal connections of enterprises, which is more suitable to represent the city network compared with the vertical connections of enterprises. Meanwhile, it is greatly significant to express the relationships of regional spaces. The paper characterizes and explores the evolution of urban spatial structure with complex network research methods to enrich the relevant works on city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2017. The results are as follows: First, from 2011 to 2017, the pledge of stock rights among cities was enhanced significantly, and the trend of the city networks' characteristics become strengthened and more complicated. Second, cities in the Yangtze River Delta have relatively high connection values, however, cities in the western area are holding peripheral positions within the city network. Third, due to the advantages of economic agglomeration and radiation, the provincial capital have become the core nodes in the city network. Fourth, Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Nanjing have dominant positions within city networks in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Particularly, Shanghai, as one of the leading financial centers in China, has a growing influence on other cities and gradually evolved into a regional growth pole city and the first core city.     

DG/T 082-2019《粪污固液分离机》推广鉴定大纲解读

推广鉴定大纲是进行农机鉴定工作时的技术要求,是推广鉴定项目实施的最主要依据。为了加大对推广鉴定大纲的宣传,便于农机生产企业、用户、管理部门和鉴定机构理解与使用,本文对DG/T 082-2019《粪污固液分离机》推广鉴定大纲中推广鉴定的产品型式、鉴定前的准备工作、鉴定内容和鉴定结论4个方面的主要内容进行了解读。     

11种杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防治效果

由果胶杆菌属细菌Pectobacterium spp.引起的软腐病是世界范围内马铃薯生产上重要的细菌性病害之一。本研究分别采用碟片法和生长速率法探究了11种常用的杀菌剂对胡萝卜果胶杆菌胡萝卜亚种菌株Pcc20181的离体抑菌效果; 采用马铃薯半薯接种法评价了供试杀菌剂对马铃薯软腐病的防控效果。碟片法和生长速率法测定结果均显示:11种供试杀菌剂中72%农用硫酸链霉素SP、0.3%四霉素AS和3%噻霉酮WP离体抑菌效果最好, 抑菌圈直径介于0.13~1.47 cm, EC50介于1.695~44.363 mg/L; 新鲜半薯接种法测定结果表明, 11种供试杀菌剂中有8种对软腐病均有控病效果, 防效为33.33~92.50%。其中, 3%噻霉酮WP对马铃薯软腐病的防效最高为92.50%, 随后依次为72%农用硫酸链霉素SP （89.76%）、20%叶枯唑WP （58.81%）、0.3%四霉素AS （51.60%）。综合评价, 3%噻霉酮WP、20%叶枯唑WP和0.3%四霉素AS对马铃薯软腐病具有较好的防控效果。     

不同行距配比对玉米光合生理指标及茎秆特性的影响

以‘大丰30’为试验材料,在同一密度下（75000株/hm²）设置5种不同行距配比,研究不同行距配比对玉米光合生理指标及茎秆力学特性的影响。结果表明：行距配比为40 cm×80 cm时,棒三叶的叶绿素含量(SPAD)在灌浆期达到峰值;行距配比为30 cm×90 cm时,棒三叶净光合速率在灌浆期最高。大口期开始,行距配比为40 cm×80 cm时,叶面积指数(LAI)最高。单株干物质积累量以40 cm×80 cm最高。各行距配比的茎秆硬皮穿刺强度与茎秆弯曲性能随着节位的下降均呈逐渐增强的趋势,从大到小为 40 cm×80 cm>50 cm×70 cm>30 cm×90 cm>60 cm×60 cm>20 cm×100 cm。穗长、穗粗、千粒重和穗粒数各处理间均有不同变化,行距配比为40 cm×80 cm时产量最高,比等行距60 cm×60 cm增产7.96%。由此可见,行距配比为40 cm×80 cm,有利于大穗型品种‘大丰30’的光合性能和茎秆强度的提高,从而达到抗倒伏增产的目的。